Metaphysics · Epistemology · Philosophy of Mind
Are space and time features of things as they are independently of us, or only the form in which things must appear to beings who sense as we do?
Space and time are forms of human sensibility through which objects appear, not features of things as they are in themselves.
Held by Kantian Critical Philosophy
Space and time belong to things as they are in themselves, independently of how we sense them.
Bergsonian intuition is a disciplined way of investigating reality from within rather than reconstructing it from external perspectives. It begins with lived duration because ordinary analysis tends to divide continuous experience into stable, spatialized units.
A transcendental argument reasons from an accepted experience, practice, or capacity to conditions claimed to be necessary for its possibility.
Experience presents objects as spatial and temporal. The dispute is whether that order belongs to things as they are independently of human sensibility or whether space and time are forms through which human beings can experience objects at all.
This is narrower than asking whether knowledge comes from reason or experience. Transcendental realism and transcendental idealism give directly opposed answers about space and time without implying that the mind creates empirical objects.